Dynamics of legislature oversight over the Armed Forces in liberal democracies

Democratic civil-military relations depend on civilian control of the Armed Forces. The military is crucial for national security but must answer to civilians.

The legislature plays a key role in this control. It ensures the military follows constitutional rules and democratic norms. The military must also be accountable to the citizens it protects.

Legislative oversight is vital for democratic governance. It promotes accountability, transparency, and civilian control over the military. Legislatures worldwide are required to review defense budgets and authorize military actions.

In mature democracies, like those in Western Europe and North America, strong oversight exists. Institutionalized committees and legal frameworks support this process.

However, many developing countries face challenges. Executive dominance limits oversight, along with weak institutions and lack of expertise.

This paper examines legislative oversight's role in promoting accountability globally. It focuses on five key functions: laws governing armed forces, defense committees' effectiveness, procurement processes, vetting military commanders, and emergency declarations.

These functions help legislatures shape national security policy and maintain civilian supremacy over the military. The paper draws insights from various political systems to highlight best practices.

It also identifies ongoing challenges such as executive dominance and limited legislative expertise. Politicization of oversight processes further complicates matters.

The paper argues that strengthening legislative oversight is crucial for maintaining checks and balances. This helps prevent abuse of military power and reinforces democratic norms in all democracies.